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Question:

Three beams are 10 feet long each and all of the same size. One is made of wood, another of steel, and the third of concrete. If identical loads are applied to these three beams, which of the following will happen?

A The steel beam will deflect less than the wood beam.

explanation

The steel beam will deflect less than the wood beam. The concrete beam will deflect less that the wood beam—concrete is stiffer than wood.

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How many kilograms is a cow on a trailer if 1200 newtons of force are acting on it?

122 kg

Weight, or newtons of force due to gravity, is calculated using the formula: W=mg. Here, W is the weight in newtons (N), m is mass (in kilograms) and g is the acceleration due to gravity (which, on Earth, is always \(9.8 m/s^2\)). Solving for mass, then, requires that you divide weight (1,200 N) by gravity (\(9.8 m/s^2\)). This gives you a mass of about 122 kg.

Tension can best be called ____.

A force

Tension is the internal stretch force of an object like a rope.

Which of the following situations requires overcoming the least amount of kinetic friction?

Pushing an empty refrigerator box down an icy path

Objects with more weight have more frictional force; thus, moving that heavier objects requires greater force. Additionally, the icy path has a lower coefficient of friction than the regular path. Because of these factors, the empty box on the icy path will be the easiest to move.

Which of the following is the basis for Pascal’s Law?

The amplification of force in a hydraulic system.

The third principle of hydraulics is the basis for Pascal’s Law and states that when pressure is applied to a fluid, the pressure is transmitted evenly throughout—in other words, how force is amplified within a hydraulic system.

Weight is the ____.

Force exerted on a object due to gravity

Mass is the amount of matter in an object; weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.

When a machine compounds the force you use, it gives you a(n) ____.

Mechanical advantage

Mechanical advantage is the advantage gained by using a simple machine to complete a task. It is a measure of the force amplification that occurs when we use tools like levers or gears or pulley systems.

Gears are used to ____.

Both change rotational speed and direction of force

Gears are classified as simple machines designed to be used to change the magnitude (size) and direction of force. Multiple gears in succession can be used to change rotation speed, as well as torque. Certain gear arrangements can result in mechanical advantage, meaning that they are considered simple machines. This is dependent on the gear ratio.