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Question:

Of the following layers of the atmosphere, which is the closest to the earth’s surface and contains the majority of clouds?

A Troposphere

explanation

The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere that is immediately above the Earth’s surface. Next up is the stratosphere, then mesosphere, and thermosphere.

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A sudden intense brightening from a small area of the Sun's surface is called a ____.

Solar flare

Solar flares usually occur in the vicinity of a magnetic inversion near a group of sunspots. The flare develops in a few minutes, or even seconds, and may last several hours. Sunspots are temporary dark spots that sometimes appear on the surface of the Sun. Prominences are huge loops of gas that erupt from sunspot regions. Quasars are the very bright centers of distant galaxies.

If an unbalanced force acts on an object, then the object will begin to accelerate according to ____.

Newton's Second Law

Newton’s second law states that if an unbalanced force acts on an object, it will begin to move according to Force = mass x acceleration. On the other hand, Newton’s first law states that an object will remain at rest unless acted upon by a force. Kepler’s laws are related to planetary motion!

The International System (SI) unit of force is which of the following?

Newton

Force is the product of mass and acceleration. Mass has units of kilograms and acceleration has units of meters per second per second. In honor of Isaac Newton and his equation F=ma, force is measured in newtons.

Which of the following is true of chemical elements?

They are pure substances consisting of one type of atom.

Chemical elements are substances containing only atoms of a single type. The element Carbon, for example, only contains Carbon atoms. Molecules are compounds of the same or different elements. Chemical elements include metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. About how many years ago did life first appear?

3.5 billion years

There are many arguments about when life first appeared on Earth, with some estimates placing life starting as long ago as 3.8 billion years. The generally accepted estimate is 3.5 billion years ago, and these first life forms were single-celled organisms and RNA molecules that could self-replicate.

The energy of an object resulting solely from motion is:

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is the energy which an object possesses because of its motion. Potential energy is the stored energy in an object due to its position or its configuration. Thermal energy relates an object’s energy to its temperature. The mechanical energy of an object is the sum of its kinetic and potential energy.

Two separate weather fronts will have air that is of different:

Density

Weather fronts are distinct in their density, which is affected by moisture content and temperature.

Which of the following is an example of a mineral?

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride is another word for salt, a mineral. Flaxseed is a source of fat. Minerals are a type of micronutrient, but micronutrients are not an example of minerals. Vitamin D is a type of vitamin.

What is true of Meiosis?

It is used to generate sex cells

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four daughter cells. These daughter cells are haploid, which means that they contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. They are genetically distinct cells sex cells—sperm in males, eggs in females.

Plant and animal cells both have cell membranes and nuclear membranes. However, plant cells have a structure that animal cells do not, known as a:

Cell Wall

Plants have rigid cell walls composed of cellulose and lignin which are used for support. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Another structure that plants have and animals do not is the chloroplast, which contains chlorophyll.

Which of the following body systems is most closely associated with the immune system?

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is responsible for recycling dead cells, including dead bacteria and other infectious organisms. As well, the lymphatic system carries lymph, which has the highest concentration of white blood cells (lymphocytes).

Which of the following is NOT a blood type?

X

The four blood types are A, B, AB, and O. Type AB is the universal recipient, and type O is the universal donor.

When a human cell divides in mitosis, the two daughter cells will each have:

46 Chromosomes

The human genome has 23 pairs of chromosomes, meaning that each cells has a total of 46 chromosomes. In mitosis, each daughter cell has a full copy of the parents DNA, and will also have 46 chromosomes.